Bologna (/bəˈloʊnjə/bə-LOAN-yə, UK also /bəˈlɒnjə/bə-LON-yə, Italian:[boˈloɲɲa]ⓘ; Emilian: Bulåggna[buˈlʌɲɲa]; Latin: Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities.[5] Its metropolitan area is home to more than 1,000,000 people.[6] It is known as the Fat City for its rich cuisine, and the Red City for its red tiled rooftops and, more recently, its leftist politics. It is also called the Learned City because it is home to the oldest university in the world.[7]
Originally Etruscan, the city has been an important urban center for centuries, first under the Etruscans (who called it Felsina), then under the Celts as Bona, later under the Romans (Bonōnia), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality and later signoria, when it was among the largest European cities by population. Famous for its towers, churches and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre, thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s.[8] Home to the oldest university in continuous operation,[9][10][11][12][13] the University of Bologna, established in AD 1088, the city has a large student population that gives it a cosmopolitan character. In 2000, it was declared European capital of culture[14] and in 2006, a UNESCO "City of Music" and became part of the Creative Cities Network.[15] In 2021, UNESCO recognized the lengthy porticoes of the city as a World Heritage Site.[16][17]
Bologna is an important agricultural, industrial, financial and transport hub, where many large mechanical, electronic and food companies have their headquarters as well as one of the largest permanent trade fairs in Europe. According to recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index (E-REGI) of 2009, Bologna is the first Italian city and the 47th European city in terms of its economic growth rate; in 2022, Il Sole 24 Ore named Bologna the best city in Italy for overall quality of life.[18]
^"ISTAT, Rapporto UrBes 2015 Bologna" (PDF). istat.it. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
^"Vista par Signola Area" (in Italian). Demo.istat.it. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
^"Database". Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020. click General and regional statistics / Regional statistics by typology / Metropolitan regions / Demography statistics by metropolitan regions / Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions (met_pjanaggr3)
^Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional Gross Domestic Product (Small regions TL3), OECD.Stats. Accessed on 16 November 2018.
^"Ufficio statistica regionale" (in Italian). Regione Emilia Romagna. 10 April 2019.
^"Città Metropolitana di Bologna" (in Italian). tuttitalia.it. 30 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
^"The red, the fat, and the learned: The story behind Bologna's curious nicknames". The Local Italy. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
^Romy Grieco (1976), Bologna: a city to discover, pp. 8–12, 138–45.
^Top Universities Archived 17 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine World University Rankings Retrieved 6 January 2010
^Our History – Università di Bologna
^Gaston, Paul L. (2012). The Challenge of Bologna: What United States Higher Education Has to Learn from Europe, and Why It Matters That We Learn It. Stylus Publishing, LLC. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-57922-502-5.
^Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, ISBN 0-7864-3462-7, p. 55f.
^de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2, pp. 47–55
^"Bologna history – Bologna culture – Bologna – attractions in Bologna – art Bologna – history guide Bologna". Travelplan.it. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
^"The Italian UNESCO Creative Cities under the lead of Bologna – Bologna Città della Musica". cittadellamusica.comune.bologna.it. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
^Cite error: The named reference unesco was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Dubois, Silvia Maria (28 July 2021). "I portici di Bologna sono stati nominati patrimonio dell'Unesco" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
^"Qualità della vita 2022: La classifica delle province italiane dove si vive meglio. Bologna la migliore nel 2022 | Il Sole 24 ORE".
Bologna (/bəˈloʊnjə/ bə-LOAN-yə, UK also /bəˈlɒnjə/ bə-LON-yə, Italian: [boˈloɲɲa] ; Emilian: Bulåggna [buˈlʌɲɲa]; Latin: Bononia) is the capital and...
Bologna Football Club 1909, commonly referred to as Bologna (Italian pronunciation: [boˈloɲɲa]), is an Italian professional football club based in Bologna...
Bologna sausage, informally baloney (/bəˈloʊni/ bə-LOH-nee), is a sausage derived from the Italian mortadella, a similar-looking, finely ground pork sausage...
University of Bologna (Italian: Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, abbreviated Unibo) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded...
Pallacanestro Bologna, known for sponsorship reasons as Virtus Segafredo Bologna, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna...
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna 103, commonly known as Fortitudo Bologna and currently known as Fortitudo Flats Service Bologna for sponsorship reasons...
Joseph Bologna (December 30, 1934 – August 13, 2017) was an American actor, playwright and screenwriter notable for his roles in the comedy films My Favorite...
province of Bologna (Italian: provincia di Bologna) was a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its provincial capital was the city of Bologna. The...
The Bologna massacre (Italian: strage di Bologna) was a terrorist bombing of the Bologna Centrale railway station in Bologna, Italy, on the morning of...
The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and agreements between European countries to ensure comparability in the standards and quality...
bologna sandwich is a sandwich common in the United States and Canada. Also known as a baloney sandwich, it is traditionally made from sliced bologna...
Bologna cake, also known as baloney cake, is a unique dish that became popular in the Southern United States. The dish consists of layers of sliced bologna...
The Bologna tramway network (Italian: Rete tranviaria di Bologna) is a tramway network under construction in Bologna, Italy. The reintroduction of a tram...
The Bologna declaration (in full, Joint Declaration of the European Ministers of Education convened in Bologna on 19 June 1999) is the main guiding document...
Lebanon bologna is a type of cured, smoked, and fermented semidry beef sausage; it is not, in spite of its name, a pork-based bologna. Similar in appearance...
ancient history in the University of Bologna, relies on two funerary steles kept in the Archaeological Museum of Bologna, believed to pertain to the same...
Barbecue bologna or smoked bologna is a barbecue dish from the US state of Oklahoma. It has been nicknamed Oklahoma tenderloin, Oklahoma prime rib, or...
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (Italian: Aeroporto di Bologna-Guglielmo Marconi) (IATA: BLQ, ICAO: LIPE) is an international airport serving the city...
A Bologna bottle, also known as a Bologna phial or philosophical vial, is a glass bottle which has great external strength, often used in physics demonstrations...
Catherine of Bologna [Caterina de' Vigri] (8 September 1413 – 9 March 1463) was an Italian Poor Clare, writer, teacher, mystic, artist, and saint. The...
The Towers of Bologna are a group of medieval structures in Bologna, Italy. The two most prominent ones remaining, known as the Two Towers, are a landmark...
Julie Bologna is an American television meteorologist. Bologna was with WFAA in Dallas, Texas from April 7, 2012, to April 12, 2015, prior to which she...
"My Bologna" is the debut single by American musical parody artist "Weird Al" Yankovic, originally released in December 1979. It is a parody of the Knack's...
mother of Jesus. The term entered academic use when the University of Bologna, Italy, founded in 1088 and world's oldest university in continuous operation...
Azo of Bologna or Azzo or Azolenus (fl. 1150–1230) was an influential Italian jurist and a member of the school of the so-called glossators. Born circa...
Enrique Alberto Bologna Gómez (born 13 February 1982 in Claypole, Buenos Aires), known as Enrique Bologna, is an Argentine professional footballer who...
Bologna Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Pietro, Cattedrale di Bologna), dedicated to Saint Peter, is the cathedral of Bologna in Italy...
Bologna School may refer to: Bolognese School, school of painting in Bologna, Italy Bologna School, a Roman Catholic school of ecclesiastical history...