1919 unrecognized socialist state in Bavaria, Germany
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Münchner Räterepublik
1919
Flag
Motto: "Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!" "Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem:Die Internationale The Internationale
Territory claimed by the Bavarian Soviet Republic (in red) shown with the rest of the Weimar Republic (in beige)
Status
Unrecognized state
Capital
Munich
Common languages
German
Government
Soviet republic
• 6 April 1919 - 12 April 1919
Ernst Toller
• 12 April 1919 – 3 May 1919
Eugen Leviné
Historical era
Interwar period · Revolutions of 1917–1923 · Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
• Established
6 April 1919
• Disestablished
3 May 1919
Currency
German Papiermark (ℳ)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Weimar Republic
People's State of Bavaria
Weimar Republic
Bavaria
Today part of
Germany
The Bavarian Soviet Republic, or Munich Soviet Republic (German: Räterepublik Baiern, Münchner Räterepublik),[1][2][3] was a short-lived unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German Revolution of 1918–1919.[4][5] It took the form of a workers' council republic. Its name is also sometimes rendered in English as the Bavarian Council Republic;[6] the German term Räterepublik means a republic of councils or committees, and council or committee is also the meaning of the Russian word soviet.[3] It was established in April 1919 after the demise of Kurt Eisner's People's State of Bavaria and sought to establish a socialist republic in Bavaria. It was overthrown less than a month later by elements of the German Army and the paramilitary Freikorps. Several individuals involved in its overthrow later joined the Nazi Party during its subsequent rise to power, even though Adolf Hitler himself had been, at least publicly, a supporter of the Bavarian Soviet Republic.
^Hooglund, Eric James (1966). The Munich Soviet Republic of April, 1919. Orono, Maine: University of Maine – via Google Books.
^Mitchell, Allan (1965). Revolution in Bavaria, 1918–1919: The Eisner Regime and the Soviet Republic. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-1400878802.
^ abHollander, Neil (2013) Elusive Dove: The Search for Peace During World War I. McFarland. p. 283, note 269. ISBN 978-1476614106
^Gaab 2006, p. 58.
^"Bavarian Council Republic" in Encyclopædia Britannica (1969)
^Kuhn, Gabriel ed. (2012) All Power to the Councils! A Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, Oakland: PM Press. p. 205
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