For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation)."Bayern" redirects here. For other uses, see Bayern (disambiguation).
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Bavaria (/bəˈvɛəriə/bə-VAIR-ee-ə; German: Bayern[ˈbaɪɐn]ⓘ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern[4][ˈfʁaɪʃtaːtˈbaɪɐn]ⓘ; Bavarian: Freistoot Bayern), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of 70,550.19 km2 (27,239.58 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is the second largest German state in terms of population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Major cities include Munich (its capital and largest city, which is also the third largest city in Germany),[5] Nuremberg, and Augsburg.
The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an independent kingdom after 1806, joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom, and finally became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.[6]
Bavaria has a distinct culture, largely because of the state's Catholic heritage and conservative traditions,[7] which includes a language, cuisine, architecture, festivals and elements of Alpine symbolism.[8] The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it the status of a wealthy German region.[9]
Contemporary Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia and Swabia.
^"Bevölkerung: Gemeinden, Geschlecht, Quartale, Jahr". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). August 2020. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
^"GDP NRW official statistics". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
^"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^"The Free State of Bavaria – Bayerisches Landesportal".
^"Bavaria". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
^"Bavaria". Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
^"Kirchenmitgliederzahlen Stand 31.12 2016" (PDF). ekd.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
^Local, The (4 February 2010). "Bavaria – The Local". The Local. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
^Campbell, Eric (14 February 2012). "Germany – A Bavarian Fairy Tale". ABC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
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