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Ariel Sharon information


Ariel Sharon
אריאל שרון
Sharon in 2001
11th Prime Minister of Israel
In office
7 March 2001 – 14 April 2006[nb]
PresidentMoshe Katsav
DeputyEhud Olmert
Preceded byEhud Barak
Succeeded byEhud Olmert
Ministerial portfolios
1977–1981Agriculture
1981–1983Defense
1984–1990Industry and Trade
1990–1992Housing and Construction
1996–1999National Infrastructure
1998–1999Foreign Affairs
2001–2003Immigrant Absorption
2002–2003Industry and Trade
2002Foreign Affairs
2003
Personal details
Born
Ariel Scheinerman(n)

(1928-02-26)26 February 1928
Kfar Malal, Mandatory Palestine
Died11 January 2014(2014-01-11) (aged 85)
Ramat Gan, Israel
Political party
  • Liberal (1973–1974)[1]
  • Shlomtzion (1977)
  • Likud (1977–2005)[2]
  • Kadima (from 2005)
Spouses
Margalit Zimmerman
(m. 1953; died 1962)
Lily Zimmerman
(m. 1963; died 2000)
Children3
Alma mater
  • Hebrew University
  • Tel Aviv University
ProfessionMilitary officer
SignatureAriel Sharon
Military service
Branch/service
  • Haganah
  • Israel Defense Forces
Years of service1948–1974
RankAluf (major general)
Unit
  • Paratroopers Brigade
  • Unit 101
  • Golani Brigade
Commands
  • Southern Command
  • Paratroopers Brigade
  • Unit 101
  • Golani Brigade
Battles/wars
  • 1947–1949 Palestine war
  • Suez Crisis
  • Six-Day War
  • Yom Kippur War
n.b. ^ Ehud Olmert served as acting prime minister from 4 January 2006

Ariel Sharon (Hebrew: אֲרִיאֵל שָׁרוֹן [aʁiˈ(ʔ)el ʃaˈʁon] ; also known by his diminutive Arik, אָרִיק; 26 February 1928 – 11 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.[3]

Born in Kfar Malal in Mandatory Palestine to Russian Jewish immigrants, he rose in the ranks of the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948, participating in the 1948 Palestine war as platoon commander of the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in several battles. Sharon became an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the reprisal operations, including the 1953 Qibya massacre, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. Yitzhak Rabin called Sharon "the greatest field commander in our history".[4] Upon leaving the military, Sharon entered politics, joining the Likud party, and served in a number of ministerial posts in Likud-led governments in 1977–92 and 1996–99. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. An official enquiry found that he bore "personal responsibility" for the Sabra and Shatila massacre of Palestinian refugees, for which he became known as the "Butcher of Beirut" among Arabs. He was subsequently removed as defense minister.[5][6]

From the 1970s through to the 1990s, Sharon championed construction of Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. He became the leader of the Likud in 1999, and in 2000, amid campaigning for the 2001 prime ministerial election, made a controversial visit to the Al-Aqsa complex on the Temple Mount, triggering the Second Intifada. He subsequently defeated Ehud Barak in the election and served as Israel's prime minister from 2001 to 2006. As Prime Minister, Sharon orchestrated the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier in 2002–03 and Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip in 2005. Facing stiff opposition to the latter policy within the Likud, in November 2005 he left Likud to form a new party, Kadima. He had been expected to win the next election and was widely interpreted as planning on "clearing Israel out of most of the West Bank", in a series of unilateral withdrawals.[7][8][9] Following a stroke on 4 January 2006, Sharon remained in a permanent vegetative state until his death in 2014.[10][11][12]

Sharon remains a highly polarizing figure in Middle Eastern history. Israelis almost universally revere Sharon as a war hero and statesman, whereas Palestinians and Human Rights Watch have criticized him as a war criminal, with the latter lamenting that he was never held accountable.[13][14]

  1. ^ Henry Kamm (13 June 1982). "Man in the News; Laurels for Israeli Warrior". The New York Times.
  2. ^ "New Israeli Cabinet Approved by Parliament". Associated Press. 11 June 1990.
  3. ^ Lis, Jonathan (11 January 2014). "Ariel Sharon, former Israeli prime minister, dies at 85". Haaretz. National Israel News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  4. ^ "Israel's Man of War", Michael Kramer, New York, pp. 19–24, 9 August 1982: "the "greatest field commander in our history," says Yitzak Rabin"
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference butcher was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil (6 January 2006). "To Arabs in the Street, Sharon's a Butcher; Some Others Show a Kind of Respect". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  7. ^ Rees, Matt (22 October 2011). "Ariel Sharon's fascinating appetite". Salon. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
  8. ^ Elhanan Miller (19 February 2013). "Sharon was about to leave two-thirds of the West Bank". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013.
  9. ^ Derek S. Reveron, Jeffrey Stevenson Murer (2013). Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism. Routledge. p. 9.
  10. ^ "Scientists say comatose former Israeli leader Ariel Sharon shows 'robust' brain activity". Fox News. 28 January 2013. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  11. ^ Soffer, Ari (11 January 2014). "Ariel Sharon Passes Away, Aged 85". Arutz Sheva. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  12. ^ Yolande Knell (11 January 2014). "Israel's ex-PM Ariel Sharon dies, aged 85". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  13. ^ "Ariel Sharon: Hero or butcher? Five things to know". CNN. 11 January 2014.
  14. ^ "Israel: Ariel Sharon's Troubling Legacy". Human Rights Watch. 11 January 2014.

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