Chemical process for producing nitriles from ammonia and oxygen
Acrylonitrile is produced on an industrial scale by the ammoxidation of propylene.
In organic chemistry, ammoxidation is a process for the production of nitriles (R−C≡N) using ammonia (NH3) and oxygen (O2). It is sometimes called the SOHIO process, acknowledging that ammoxidation was developed at Standard Oil of Ohio.[1][2] The usual substrates are alkenes. Several million tons of acrylonitrile are produced in this way annually:[3][4]
^Pollak, Peter; Romeder, Gérard; Hagedorn, Ferdinand; Gelbke, Heinz-Peter (2000). "Nitriles". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363. ISBN 3527306730.
^"Sohio Acrylonitrile Process - American Chemical Society". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
^Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363
^"The Sohio Acrylonitrile Process". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
In organic chemistry, ammoxidation is a process for the production of nitriles (R−C≡N) using ammonia (NH3) and oxygen (O2). It is sometimes called the...
are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts. In ammoxidation, a hydrocarbon...
chemist Charles Moureu in 1893. Acrylonitrile is produced by catalytic ammoxidation of propylene, also known as the SOHIO process. In 2002, world production...
synthesis of Etifelmine. Butyronitrile is prepared industrially by the ammoxidation of n-butanol: C3H7CH2OH + NH3 + O2 → C3H7CN + 3 H2O Butyronitrile has...
oxidation of carbon monoxide, propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid, the ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile. Molybdenum carbides, nitride and phosphides...
International) has reported a route from the dinitrile, which can be obtained by ammoxidation of p-xylene. Virtually the entire world's supply of terephthalic acid...
the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile, a material derived from propene by ammoxidation, but this route was abandoned because it cogenerates ammonium side products...
mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine. It is prepared by ammoxidation of toluene, that is its reaction with ammonia and oxygen (or air) at...
mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent. Oxidation and ammoxidation also target the methyl groups, affording dicarboxylic acids and the dinitriles...
anhydride with ammonium carbonate or urea. It can also be produced by ammoxidation of o-xylene. Potassium phthalimide is commercially available and is the...
1965 after an explosion at an operation plant. MAN can be produced by ammoxidation from isobutylene: (CH3)2C=CH2 + NH3 + 3⁄2 O2 → CH2=C(CH3)CN + 3 H2O This...
can be effected by air, but ammoxidation is more efficient. In the latter process, nicotinonitrile is produced by ammoxidation of 3-methylpyridine. Nitrile...
anhydride with ammonium carbonate or urea. It can also be produced by ammoxidation of o-xylene. Phthalimide is used as a precursor to anthranilic acid,...
foods by rancidification. The industrial production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propene exploits the easy oxidation of the allylic C−H centers: 2...
group attached to the 3-position. A colorless solid, it is produced by ammoxidation of 3-methylpyridine: H3CC5H4N + NH3 + 1.5 O2 → NCC5H4N + 3 H2O Nicotinonitrile...
nitrile is the hydrogenation of acrylonitrile. It is also prepared by the ammoxidation of propanol (propionaldehyde can also be used instead): CH3CH2CH2OH +...
and terephthalonitrile. All three isomers are produced commercially by ammoxidation of the corresponding xylene isomers. Isophthalonitrile is a colorless...
Sai (2001). "Highly selective molybdenum phosphate catalyst for the ammoxidation of 2-methylpyrazine to 2-cyanopyrazine". Green Chemistry. 3 (1): 20–22...
HCl: (CH3)2CO + H2NOH → (CH3)2CNOH + H2O It can also be generated via ammoxidation of acetone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Acetone oxime is an...
oxidation of propane and propylene to acrolein, acrylic acid or the ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile. The vanadium redox battery, a type of...
commercial oxidation catalysts. Te-containing catalysts are used for the ammoxidation route to acrylonitrile (CH2=CH–C≡N): 2 CH3−CH=CH2 + 2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 CH2=CH–C≡N...
Bismuth molybdates, nominally of the composition Bi9PMo12O52, catalyzes ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile. Ferric molybdates are used industrially...
is produced industrially in a single-stage continuous process, by the ammoxidation of o-xylene at 480 °C. The reaction is catalyzed by vanadium oxide-antimony-oxide...
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