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Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War information


Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
Part of the Russian Civil War

Allied troops parading in Vladivostok, 1918
Date12 January 1918[3] – 20 May 1925[4]
(7 years, 4 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
Former Russian Empire
Result

Bolshevik victory

  • Allied powers withdrawal
  • Defeat and collapse of the Russian White movement
  • Anti-Bolshevik victory in Finland and the Baltic states
Belligerents
Allied Powers:
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War White movement
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Czechoslovak Legion (1918–1919)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War United Kingdom (1918–1920)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Canada (1918–1919)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Australia (1918–1919)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War India
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War South Africa[1]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War United States (1918–1920)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War France (1918–1920)
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Japan
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Poland[2]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Greece
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Estonia
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Serbia
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Italy
    Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Latvia
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Romania
 Bolsheviks:
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Soviet Russia
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Far Eastern Republic
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Latvian SSR
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Ukrainian SSR
Commanders and leaders
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Alexander Kolchak
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Mikhail Diterikhs
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Grigory Semyonov
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Nikolai Yudenich
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Evgeny Miller
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Anton Denikin
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Pyotr Wrangel
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Radola Gajda
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Stanislav Čeček
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Sergei Wojciechowski
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Jan Syrový
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Kikuzo Otani
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Yui Mitsue
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Woodrow Wilson
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War William S. Graves
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War George E. Stewart
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Robert L. Eichelberger
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Wilds P. Richardson
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Edmund Ironside
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Frederick Poole
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Lionel Dunsterville
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War William Thomson
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Wilfrid Malleson
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Walter Cowan
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War James H. Elmsley
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Henri Bertholot
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Philippe d'Anselme
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Konstantinos Nider
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Ernest Broșteanu
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Vladimir Lenin
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Leon Trotsky
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Jukums Vācietis
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Sergey Kamenev
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Pavel Dybenko
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Nikolai Krylenko
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Mikhail Tukhachevsky
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Mikhail Frunze
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Vasily Blyukher
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Alexander Samoylo
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Joseph Stalin
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Kliment Voroshilov
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Fedor Raskolnikov
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Dmitry Zhloba
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Semyon Budyonny
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Hayk Bzhishkyan
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Mikhail Muravyov
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Dmitry Nadyozhny
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Dmitri Parsky
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Alexander Krasnoshchyokov
Strength
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 50,000–70,000 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 15,600 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 30,000 troops[5]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 11,000 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 11,300 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 70,000 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 59,150 troops[6][7][8][9]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 4,700+ troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 2,500 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 2,000 troops
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 150 troops
 Unknown
Casualties and losses
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Czechoslovakia: 4,112 killed[10]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War United Kingdom:
    938+ killed[11][12][13][14]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War United States: 424 killed[15]
  • Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Greece:[16]
    179 killed
    173 missing
    46 dead from wounds or non-combat related causes
    657 wounded
 Unknown
1 landing craft captured by Romanians[17]

The Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions that began in 1918. The initial impetus behind the interventions was to secure munitions and supply depots from falling into the German Empire's hands, particularly after the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and to rescue the Allied forces that had become trapped within Russia after the 1917 October Revolution.[18] After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the Allied plan changed to helping the White forces in the Russian Civil War. After the Whites collapsed, the Allies withdrew their forces from Russia by 1925.[19]

Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk (the North Russia intervention of 1918–1919) and in Vladivostok (as part of the Siberian intervention of 1918–1922). The British also intervened in the Baltic theatre (1918–1919) and in the Caucasus (1917–1919). French-led Allied forces participated in the Southern Russia intervention (1918–1919).

Allied efforts were hampered by divided objectives, war-weariness after World War I, and a rising discontent among some troops and sailors who were reluctant to fight the world's first socialist state; this reluctance sometimes led to mutiny.[according to who] These factors, together with the evacuation of the Czechoslovak Legion in September 1920, led the western Allied powers to end the North Russia and Siberian interventions in 1920, though the Japanese intervention in Siberia continued until 1922 and the Empire of Japan continued to occupy the northern half [ru] of Sakhalin until 1925.[20]

  1. ^ Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 15, Nr 4, 1985, pp. 46–48. Accessed January 24, 2016.
  2. ^ cf. Jamie Bisher, White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian, Routledge 2006, ISBN 1135765952, p.378, footnote 28
  3. ^ "The March of the Japanese Army at Vladivostok City". 1919.
  4. ^ "Japan and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – Convention embodying basic rules of the Relations between Japan and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, together with Protocols a and B, Declaration, Exchange of Notes, Annexed Note and Protocol of Signature. Peking, January 20, 1925 [1925] LNTSer 69; 34 LNTS 31".
  5. ^ Wright 2017, p. 302.
  6. ^ Kinvig 2006, pp. 297, 304.
  7. ^ Sargent 2004, p. 33.
  8. ^ Winegard 2016, p. 229.
  9. ^ Wright 2017, pp. 305–306, 394, 526–528, 530–535.
  10. ^ Bradley, Czechoslovak Legion, 156.
  11. ^ Kinvig 2006, pp. 289, 315.
  12. ^ Wright 2017, pp. 490–492, 498–500, 504.
  13. ^ Winegard 2016, p. 208.
  14. ^ See also Malleson Mission – Casualties
  15. ^ Robert L. Willett, "Russian Sideshow" (Washington, D.C., Brassey's Inc., 2003), p. 267
  16. ^ Greek army document [dead link]
  17. ^ Siegfried Breyer, Soviet Warship Development: 1917–1937, Conway Maritime Press, 1992, p. 98 [ISBN missing]
  18. ^ Mawdsley 2007, pp. 54–55.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Beyer, Rick (2003). The Greatest Stories Never Told. A&E Television Networks / The History Channel. pp. 152–53. ISBN 0060014016.

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