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Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
Part of Kivu conflict
A UNFIB soldier standing guard during an operation against the ADF on the outskirts of Beni
Date
13 November 1996 – present[7] (27 years, 5 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Uganda, DR Congo
Status
Ongoing
Belligerents
Uganda DR Congo
Armed Forces (FARDC)
MONUSCO
United Nations Force Intervention Brigade (UNFIB)
ADF (1996–2015)
NALU
ISIL[1]
IS-CAP[2]
ADF-Baluku
ADF-Mukulu
NALU
RCD/K-ML
APC[3]
Mai-Mai Kyandenga (2020–present) Supported by:
FARDC elements[3] LRA[4] Al-Shabaab[1] (disputed)[5] Various Jihadi groups (Ugandan and MONUSCO claim)[5] Sudan (1990s; currently unknown)[6]
Commanders and leaders
Yoweri Museveni Félix Tshisekedi (from 2019) Joseph Kabila (until 2019)
James Aloizi Mwakibolwa
Jamil Mukulu (POW)[1] Musa Baluku (WIA) Hood Lukwago (Possibly KIA)[8] Yusuf Kabanda † Muhammad Kayiira † Ashraf Lukwago
Frank Kithasamba[7][9]
Strength
2019–2020:
22,000 FARDC troops[10]
3,000 UN troops[11]
/Islamic State 1,500–2,000[12]
Casualties and losses
Unknown Many[13] 17+ killed[13][1] (at least 15 Tanzanian,[13] 1 Malawian,[14] 1 South African[15])
1,590–2,090+ killed[16] 314+ captured[17]
3,424+ people killed (including civilians, soldiers and rebels)[18][19][20][21][22] 150,000+ displaced[6]
v
t
e
Conflicts in DR Congo
Background
Colonization
Congo Free State
Atrocities
Belgian Congo
during WWII
1944 Kivu uprising
Léopoldville riots
v
t
e
Congo Crisis
Force Publique mutinies
Secession crisis
Katanga
South Kasai
Invasion
Congo-Stanleyville
UN intervention
Rum Punch
Niemba ambush
Battle of Kabalo
Jadotville
UNOKAT
Camp Massart
Grandslam
Kindu atrocity
Port Francqui incident
Kanyarwanda War
Kwilu rebellion
Simba rebellion
Dragon Rouge
Dragon Noir
White Giant
Violettes Imperiales
South
Other major events
Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
Torture and killing of Lumumba
Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
Shaba Invasions
Shaba I
Shaba II
Battle of Kolwezi
Non-aggression pact of 1979
First Congo War
Background
Shaba Invasions
Second Sudanese Civil War
War in Uganda (1986–1994)
1991 Zaire unrest
Burundian Civil War
Rwandan Civil War
Assassination of Habyarimana
Rwandan genocide
Great Lakes refugee crisis
War
Formation of the AFDL
Massacres of Hutus
Operation Thunderbolt
Battle of Kisangani (1997) [fr]
Overthrow of Mobutu
Ascension of Laurent Kabila
Second Congo War
Operation Kitona
Lusaka Ceasefire
Gbadolite Agreement
Sun City Agreement
Six-Day War
Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
Kisangani massacre
Effacer le tableau
Bogoro massacre
Pretoria Accord
MONUSCO
ICC investigation
v
t
e
Ituri conflict
Bogoro
Artemis
North Night Final
Marabho
Ndjala
Plaine Savo
Nyamamba and Mbogi
Response
UN 1484
v
t
e
Kivu conflict
Lemera massacre
Kasika massacre
Makobola massacre
Makombo massacre
2008 Nord-Kivu campaign
2009 Eastern Congo offensive
M23 rebellion (2012–13)
2014 North Kivu offensive
2017 CNPSC offensive
Uvira clashes
Oicha
Virunga
Kipupu massacre
Kagogo ambush
M23 offensive (2022–23)
Anti-MONUSCO protests
Kishishe massacre
1st Kitshanga
2nd Kitshanga
Masambo attack
Otomabere attack
August 2022 attacks
Kasindi church bombing
Makugwe massacre
Mukondi massacre
Other
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
Katanga insurgency
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
Dongo conflict
2011 coup d'etat attempt
Batwa–Luba clashes
2013 Kinshasa attacks
Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
Western DR Congo clashes
Child soldiers in the Congo
The Allied Democratic Forces insurgency is an ongoing conflict waged by the Allied Democratic Forces in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, against the governments of those two countries and the MONUSCO. The insurgency began in 1996, intensifying in 2013, resulting in hundreds of deaths. The ADF is known to currently control a number of hidden camps which are home to about 2,000 people; in these camps, the ADF operates as a proto-state with "an internal security service, a prison, health clinics, and an orphanage" as well as schools for boys and girls.[23]
^ abcdAlexandra Johnson (11 October 2017). "The Allied Democratic Forces Attacks Two UN Peacekeepers in the DRC". Center for Security Policy. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
^West (2019), pp. 7–9.
^ ab"THE BENI KILLINGS: OUR FINDINGS". Congo Research Group. Archived from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
^Cite error: The named reference JeT was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abKristof Titeca (27 September 2016). "Jihadis in Congo? Probably not". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ abCite error: The named reference koT was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference ZuTq was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2018-12-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Army denies death of ADF commander". 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^Congolese Army's Optimism Undermined by New ADF Massacres Archived 2020-05-02 at the Wayback Machine. Kivu Security Blog.
^"Congo army attacks Ugandan Islamist rebels in lawless east". Reuters. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
^"S/2023/95". United Nations. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
^ abcCite error: The named reference NY Times was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Helfrich, Kim (December 2015). "Malawian soldier killed and another wounded in latest DRC rebel attack – defenceWeb". Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
^"SA soldier killed as Congo rebels mount dawn attack on base – HeraldLIVE". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
^Titeca, Kristof; Vlassenroot, Koen (2012). "Rebels without borders in the Rwenzori borderland? A biography of the Allied Democratic Forces". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 6: 154–176. doi:10.1080/17531055.2012.664708. S2CID 144602662. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference lef was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
^Mahamba, Fiston (8 December 2017). "Rebels kill 15 peacekeepers in Congo in worst attack on U.N. in recent". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
^"Realtime Data (2016)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
^"Realtime Data (2017)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
^"ACLED Data (2018)". ACLED. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
^Daniel Fahey (19 February 2015). "New insights on Congo's Islamist rebels". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
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Global Information
LRA[4]
Al-Shabaab[1] (disputed)[5]
Various Jihadi groups (Ugandan and MONUSCO claim)[5]
Sudan (1990s; currently unknown)[6]
James Aloizi Mwakibolwa
Frank Kithasamba[7][9]
Unknown
Many[13]