Thermodynamic process in which no mass or heat is exchanged with surroundings
This article is about adiabatic processes in thermodynamics. For the adiabatic theorem in quantum mechanics, see adiabatic theorem.
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An adiabatic process (Greek: adiábatos, "impassable") is a type of thermodynamic process
that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work.[1][2] As a key concept in thermodynamics, the adiabatic process supports the theory that explains the first law of thermodynamics.
Some chemical and physical processes occur too rapidly for energy to enter or leave the system as heat, allowing a convenient "adiabatic approximation".[3] For example, the adiabatic flame temperature uses this approximation to calculate the upper limit of flame temperature by assuming combustion loses no heat to its surroundings.
In meteorology, adiabatic expansion and cooling of moist air, which can be triggered by winds flowing up and over a mountain for example, can cause the water vapor pressure to exceed the saturation vapor pressure. Expansion and cooling beyond the saturation vapor pressure is often idealized as a pseudo-adiabatic process whereby excess vapor instantaneously precipitates into water droplets. The change in temperature of an air undergoing pseudo-adiabatic expansion differs from air undergoing adiabatic expansion because latent heat is released by precipitation.[4]
^Carathéodory, C. (1909). "Untersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik". Mathematische Annalen. 67 (3): 355–386. doi:10.1007/BF01450409. S2CID 118230148.. A translation may be found here Archived 2019-10-12 at the Wayback Machine. Also a mostly reliable translation is to be found in Kestin, J. (1976). The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross.
^Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics. New York, New York: American Institute of Physics Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-88318-797-3.
^Bailyn, M. (1994), pp. 52–53.
^"pseudoadiabatic process". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
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